Military Chaplains Tested by Years of Unprecedented Islamist Violence Menacing West Africa
In the more than 15 years Salomon Tibiri has been offering spiritual support as a military chaplain in Burkina Faso, he’s never fielded so many calls from anxious soldiers and their relatives as in recent years, when the army has found itself under attack by Islamic extremist fighters.
“Before the crisis there was more stability,” Tibiri said, seated in a military camp church in the city of Kaya. “Now [the soldiers] are busier, and when you approach them you feel their stress — much more stress.”
Once considered a beacon of peace in the region, the West African nation has been embroiled in unprecedented violence linked to al-Qaida and the Islamic State since 2016, throwing an ill-equipped and undertrained army into disarray — and overwhelming the chaplains tasked with ministering to them.
In interviews in the hard-hit Center-North region and in Ouagadougou, the capital, military chaplains told The Associated Press that they are stretched thin by the conflict and what assistance they are able to provide is insufficient.
Just seven chaplains, hailing from Protestant, Roman Catholic and Muslim faiths, are charged with spiritually guiding some 11,000 soldiers and helping maintain their morale.
The troops “face death every day. … At this moment they also need to have much more spiritual help,” said Noel Henri Zongo, a chaplain and Roman Catholic priest.
Last year, 524 civilians were killed by soldiers and local defense militias fighting alongside them, according to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project — even more than the 432 killed by the extremists.
At least 180 bodies were found in mass graves near the government-controlled town of Djibo, with evidence of army involvement in large-scale executions, according to Human Rights Watch.
The army, whose communications team facilitated the interviews and sat in on them, did not respond to a request for comment.
Etienne Bonkoungou, another of the chaplains, said he regularly counsels troops grappling with the question of whether their participation in the fight makes them defenders or killers.
“The Bible says not to kill, so as a soldier these questions often arise,” Bonkoungou said. “To kill another, to watch a colleague die, or kill someone yourself. Should you kill? Should you not kill?”
To help them reconcile that dilemma, he uses biblical examples of devout people fighting in wars and advises that “even sometimes God himself orders killing.”
Soldier Luc Yelkouni acknowledged that the conflict “impacts our morale.”
A 29-year-old veteran of nearly a decade with the military, he had never before suffered the trauma of recent years, with one colleague after another killed by the extremists.
After a stint in the Sahel, he turned to a military priest for help dealing with an experience from his deployment that was so traumatic he said he didn’t want to go into details, even three years later.
Speaking to the priest was reassuring, Yelkouni said.
The chaplains “play a key role for us,” he said, “and the collaboration is really good.”
While the chaplains did not say what they think the army should do, one said it would be helpful if there were four or five more of them. And they wish they could be physically closer to those deployed for dangerous duty.
“The role of a chaplain is to be present where the men are,” Zongo said, “and what he needs to bring is the necessary capacity to face danger and to get up after failure.”
Last year, the army brought in U.S. military chaplains to train their counterparts.
Maj. Mike Smith, lead chaplain with U.S. Special Operations Command Africa, said the Burkina Faso chaplains had never been trained in tasks like caring for the wounded, counseling families and motivating fighters.
“[The army was] seeing casualties on a regular basis, whether soldiers were being killed in attacks or wounded in attacks,” Smith said. “And … it was tearing at the resiliency of their force, just as a whole, and it even impacted their retention.”
The U.S. supplied the Burkina Faso chaplains with iPads that they used to record sermons and broadcast them to the front lines.
Despite the limited resources, soldiers said the chaplains have been a lifeline.
Yempabou Kobori, 30, said one thing that keeps him going is a psalm his pastor shared with him about staying safe even as thousands fall around you. He recites it before battle.
“It reminds me that I am not alone,” Kobori said.
The Western Journal has reviewed this Associated Press story and may have altered it prior to publication to ensure that it meets our editorial standards.
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